CATASTROPHES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
V.A. Puchkov
Ministry of Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia), Teatralnyipr. 3, Moscow, 109012 Russia. E-mail:
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The article presents an overview of modern natural-technological and biological-social catastrophes of synergetic mixed and cascade nature. The author shows the global scope of catastrophe consequences, irrespective of place they occur; and discusses the newly emerging threats and the vulnerability of humanity to such threats. Ways and measures for disaster prevention and mitigation are proposed.
Key words: catastrophe; natural disaster; sustainable development, civilization, globalization, new threats, synergy, socio-economic development.
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NANURAL HAZARDS; MONITORING AND WARNING
V. I. Osipov
Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulanskiiper. 13, bid.2, Moscow, 101000 Russia. E-mail:
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The paper notes a rapid growth in the number of natural disasters and related losses in recent years. Special attention is paid to landslides and the probability of their wide development in the area of Olympic construction on the Black Sea coast, Russia. The early warning system based on the protective monitoring network plays an important part in managing natural safety there. Unlike the predictive monitoring system, the protective monitoring permits undertaking urgent emergency measures without any human interference before the extreme phase of the process starts. It ensures giving an alert signal and minimizes undesirable consequences. The protective seismic monitoring system developed at the Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience RAS is scrutinized as an example.
Key words: natural hazards, natural and human-induced karst, seismogenic landslide predictive and protective monitoring, three-component accelerometer.
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GEOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RECLAMATION WORKS AT HYDRODUMPS AND TAILING DAMS IN MAINING
I. V. Egorova and V. A. Astapova
Moscow State Mining University, Leninsky prospect 6, Moscow, 119991 Russia. E-mail: opticalvision@rambler, ru E-mail: vikkiau@mail. ru
The article deals with geoecological aspects of reclamation works at hydrodumps and tailing dams. Their realization helps in further more effective usage of these hydrofilled structures for agriculture and industry.
Key words: hydrodump, tailing dam, reclamation, hydrofilled massif, dust suppression.
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ANALYSIS OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST DEEP BLOCK LANDSLIDES ON SLOPES
G. P. Postoev, A. I. Kazeev
Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences Ulanskiiper. 13, bid. 2, Moscow, 101000 Russia. E-mail:
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Effective protective measures and the rational exploitation of slope territory to the areas of possible development of deep landslide motions should be based on the consideration of the peculiarities of the mechanism of formation and development of deep block-type landslides.
Key words: deep block-type landslides, landslide mechanism, protective measurements.
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ANALYSIS OF HETEROGENEITY IN CHROMIUM AND NICKEL SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION BY SOIL ECOLOGICAL SCREENING IN RESIDENTIAL ZONES OF NOVY URENGOY MUNICIPALITY
A. P. Sergeev, E. M. Baglaeva, A. N. Medvedev
Institute of Industrial Ecology, Russian Academy of Science, Ural Branch, ul. S. Kovalevskoi 20, Yekaterinburg, 620990 Russia. E-mail:
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The paper presents the results of soil ecological screening of residential zones in Novy Urengoy municipality related to the distribution of total chromium and nickel concentrations. An ordinary sample included 306 soil specimens collected in the southern and northern parts of Novy Urengoy as well as in Limbyayakha and Korotchayevo settlements. Additionally 34 soil specimens were sampled in a remote background area. Abnormally high concentrations of total chromium (an order above the background value) and nickel (twice above the background value) were detected in the soil. It is shown that the origin of spots with abnormally high concentrations of total chromium is not associated with the industrial activity and cannot be explained by atmospheric fallouts.
Key words: soil, ecological screening, spatial distribution, atmospheric fallout, chromium.
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GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE MIDDLE URALS
I. A. Antonova, O. N. Gryaznov, O. M. Guman, A. B. Makarov, O. V. Kolosnitsina
Ural State Mining University, ul.Kuibyshev}a 30, Yekaterinburg, 620144 Russia. E-mail: Guman200 7@mail. ru
The conditions and the basic principles of municipal solid and industrial waste disposal in the geological structures of the Middle Urals are considered. A typological classification of municipal solid and industrial waste disposal sites in the Middle Urals is proposed, which takes into account the factors that influence the nature of the processes and the degree of risk to the environment and humans: the area and the amount of waste, waste composition, method of storage, conditions of disposal, water regime, properties of underlying rocks, and location in the region. The typological classification of municipal solid and industrial waste disposal and zoning of geological environment of Sverdlovsk region is the basis for the choice of methods for monitoring and predicting pollution in the sites of municipal solid and industrial waste disposal.
Keywords: municipal solid and industrial waste, disposal sites, monitoring.
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STAGES IN THE FORMATION OF CLAYEY SEDIMENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF THE ORGANIC MATTER
D.Yu. Zdobin
St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034 Russia. E-mail:
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The results of long-term monitoring of physical and chemical properties of the Holocene silt from the Kandalaksha Bay in the White Sea are considered. The conclusion about nine stages in "deposit — silt — fluid clay» natural system is made on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the correlation between We, Wx and С and the depth of a continuous sequence of marine organo-mineral soils. The "sedimentogen-esis - diagenesis"("silt- fluid clay") boundary is suggested to be determined at We> Wx and Corg> 3%.
Key words: clay silt, organic substance, physico-chemical properties, stages of clayey sediment formation.
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PROBLEMS IN OBTAINING AND USING ACUTE DATA ON THE DEVELOPING GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES UPON MONITORING OF LINEAR ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
A.N. Khimenkov*, Yu.V. Khalilova*, D.O. Sergeev*, G.Z. Perlshtein*, A.N. Ugarov**
*Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulansky per. 13, bid. 2, Moscow, 101000 Russia. E-mail:
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** Scientific and Educational Center for Extreme Situations Research, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Podkolokol'nyi per. 16, bid. 2, Moscow, 109028 Russia. E-mail:
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The proposed technology, based on the modified aerovisual survey, allows us to register geological processes quickly and to evaluate their actual dynamics, as well as their impact on engineering and safety facilities. The procedures of data collection and processing, the selection of sites with geological processes and their ranking according to the hazard level for justifying the planned priorities of protective and compensatory measures are discussed. The algorithm options are proposed for the analysis of actual geodynamic situation and its variation trends for the previous observation period. The possible applications of developed procedure for making managerial decisions are considered.
Key words: engineering-geological monitoring, natural anthropogenic system, aerovisual survey, linear object, geological processes.
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